The Rise And Growth Of Political Marketing - 1440 Words

The rise and growth of political marketing in many western democracies is evidence of its major importance. The innovative Conservative party campaign effort in 1979 could be argued, paved the way for the improvement and transformation in the way political marketing worked. It was this era that gave Margaret Thatcher the title â€Å"The Marketing Pioneer† (Lees-Marshment) along with giving the Conservatives the name the â€Å"Market-Oriented Party†. In particular, documentaries such as ‘The Marketing of Thatcher’ by Michael Cockerell’s helped to provoke interest in the newly energised style of election campaigning. Political marketing has become more ubiquitous in recent years and has â€Å"become a fundamental part of political life† (Lees-Marshment) in the sense that politicians are no longer just seen as politicians but as ‘political actors’ (Ralph Negrine). While some people believe that political marketing is simply about â⠂¬Ëœpromoting their products and seeking votes’ (Kavanagh 1994). Maarek goes beyond this view suggesting that the idea that political marketing is a much broader concept that needs careful analysis. He emphasises’ this by stating that marketing â€Å"no longer means merely designing and printing a message on a poster with no consideration of whom they are addressed to, [in this sense] it embodies the whole marketing process, from the initial market study to testing and targeting (Maarek 1995). With this, Levy and Kotler (1969) has also introduced the idea that politicalShow MoreRelatedThe Business Environment Of China Essay1105 Words   |  5 Pagescentralized political and democratic requirements, the economy growth of ‘high speed’ and ‘low quality’ and the appreciation and depreciation of Ren Min Bi. 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Music and Violence Still a Concern in 2007 Free Essays

Media effects have been a hot topic in United States social history, especially with the newest in technology, which brings video and film to the personal computer and ipod.   However, one of the most long-standing debates does not concern new technology, but an older medium – music.   For nearly five decades, psychologists, scientists and parents have expressed concern that music lyrics could affect listeners and behavior, even violent behavior. We will write a custom essay sample on Music and Violence: Still a Concern in 2007 or any similar topic only for you Order Now    Despite some switch in focus to violent and sexual content in film and internet video, music lyrics still hold concern for their possible contribution to aggressive behavior in the United States and elsewhere. In response to this concern, many public and private investigations have sought to reach some sort of conclusion on the impact that music lyrics may have on aggressive behavior of young people.   The 1982 National Institute of Mental Health report noted that media violence, including violence in music, was a â€Å"serious threat to public health,† and by the 1990s, most research concluded that â€Å"media violence on aggressive and violent behavior was real, causal and significant† (Anderson, et al. This was followed by a Congressional Public Health Summit which consisted of six medical and public health organizations.  Ã‚   Their conclusion delivered as a joint statement of all was that â€Å"entertainment violence can lead to increases in aggressive attitudes, values, and behavior, particularly in children† (Anderson, et al., 2003). These research organizations define aggression as â€Å"any behavior that is intended to harm another person† and can include not only physical aggression, but also sexual aggression, verbal aggression, and indirect aggression.   Particular attention has be revisited on music lyrics with the rise in popularity during the 80s and 90s of the music video. Researcher found that music videos are laden with violence and â€Å"explicit aggressive content† with â€Å"antisocial overtones† (Anderson, et al. 2003).   In fact, a study by However, Waite, Hillbrand, and Foster (1992) found that aggressive behavior in a forensic inpatient ward decreased significantly after MTV (Music Television) was removed from the television offerings. Additionally another group of researchers found that males who listened and viewed violent music videos exhibited a significant increase in â€Å"adversarial sexual beliefs and negative affect† (Peterson and Pfost, 1989).   Additional this group also found that college students who listed to rock music with antisocial themes self-reported a wider range of acceptance for antisocial behaviors. Additional studies also followed test subjects for several years and report that violent music videos can have long term negative and maladaptive effects on young people (Anderson et al, 2003) One performer who has recently fallen under close scrutiny is Marshall Mathers, known to listening fans as Eminem.   Eminem’s character, Slim Shady, appeals to teenagers because her represents the extreme emotions which range from outrage to helplessness that are so common in the lives of adolescents (Doherty, 2000). Eminem is profane, rebellious, determined to be himself, to speak what he takes to be the truth about his emotions and what he sees around him. He’s all the more determined to do so if it pisses off authority figures. And in a world largely dominated by modern liberal cant, the best way to outrage adults is to come across as anti-gay, anti-woman, and pro-violence. As Eminem says in â€Å"Criminal,† â€Å"Half the shit I say, I just make it up to make you mad.† Such an attitude speaks directly to adolescent anomie and rebellion (Doherty, 2000). Lyrics such as this draw teens into the world of Slim Shady, identifying with him and adopting his style of dress, attitudes and behaviors. Now, these lyrics are even more damaging, according to Myronda Reuben of WBLX in Mobile, Alabama.   She says that music now holds less hope and fewer positive possibilities in the lyrics:â€Å"Back in the day, when a rapper was talking about ‘the life,’ it was usually about getting out of away from the violence and the streets.   Now the music glorifies it, and there are so many contradictory messages out there† (Hall, 2000). Another example is the phenomenon known as Hip-Hop. Researchers note that these songs target what is known as â€Å"marginalized youth,† which is defined as those that experience the â€Å"most dramatic social pressures† (Violent Music Lyrics Increase Aggressive Thoughts and Feelings 2003)   in life, such as economic, family and behavior issues.   These individuals who listen to rap are more likely to become violent. Hip hop music seems to have the common theme of drug use, alcoholism, Aids, and murder. Thus, results of several experimental studies show that subjects who listened to violent songs were more likely to interpret ambiguous words and phrases as aggressive, and to having â€Å"increased feelings of hostility without provocation or threat†Ã‚   (Violent Music Lyrics Increase Aggressive Thoughts and Feelings 2003). These violent songs with their aggressive thoughts and feelings have daunting implications for real world violence, notes Anderson cited in the aforementioned article: Aggressive thoughts can influence perceptions of ongoing social interactions, coloring them with an aggressive tint. Such aggression-biased interpretations can, in turn, instigate a more aggressive response–verbal or physical–than would have been emitted in a nonbiased state, thus provoking an aggressive escalatory spiral of antisocial exchanges†¦(Violent Music Lyrics Increase Aggressive Thoughts and Feelings 2003). It is easy to see why these concerns are in place when one examines the lyrics from two hip hop songs that have been at the very top of the Billboard charts as cited by Senator Brownback (1998): â€Å"F– home we capture with more hits and slaughter more kids†¦ You know for real the nig– came f–in’ sucked my d–†¦ I have nig–z falling like white b in a scary movie†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and â€Å"I’m known in the ghetto for slangin’ narcotics†¦ I come up short I’ma bust yo’f–in’ lip up Cuz money and murder is the code that I live by Come to ya set and do a muthaf–in’ walk-by.† These lyrics from the songs â€Å"Get at Me Dog,† by DMX and â€Å"Come and Get Some† by Master P show the explicit references to killing, racial slurs, sexuality and drugs. Ironically, these chaotic songs are highly organized and effective at targeting youth and maximizing profit, which tends to squelch legislative attempts at censorship.   Scholars have identified some particularly disturbing rap styles:   hustler rap, booty rap, pimp rap, gangsa rap, and don rap – all of which are considered as hardcore rap.   Hustler rap features a bad guy figure who dominates others through force, intimidation and/or seduction. Booty rap applauds sexual shock and nonconformity with titles from the group 2 Life Crew like â€Å"Dick Almighty,† â€Å"Me So Horny,† and â€Å"The Fuck Shop.†Ã‚   Pimp rap focus on money and sex; an example is P Diddy’s song â€Å"It’s All about the Benjamins.†Ã‚   Finally, gangsta rap emphasizes the acceptance of antisocial, often violent, behavior.   For example, NWA’s   (Niggaz Wit Attitude) album Straight Outta Compton offers a written thank you to: â€Å"All the gangsters, dope dealers, criminals, thieves, vandals, villains, thugs, hoodlums, killers, hustlers, baseheads, hypes, winos, bums, arsonists, police, maniacs and bad ass kids for listening to our shit†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Lena, 2006). Finally, don rappers (like Master P and Junior M.A.F.I.A.) combine gangsta rap’s emphasis on violence with the pimp rap emphasis on money and sexual dominance (Lena, 2006). These songs do translate into aggressive action.   For example, in the case of Mitch Johnson, the boy who was charged with killing four fellow students and a teacher in Jonesboro, Arkansas, frequently listened to violent rock and rap.   Mrs. Pelley is a junior-high-school teacher there who notes that after the shootings, several students revealed that Mitch had a morbid fascination with this type of music.   Mrs. Pelley discovered in a discussion with her students that while nearly ball of them could recite the violent and aggressive lyrics of songsw by Bone, Thugs-N-Harmony, and Tupac Shakur, nearly none of their parents had any idea about these songs and performers (Brownback, 1998). The tragedy of Columbine is also linked to the music of the controversial Marilyn Manson, primarily because shooter Eric Harris’s website contained frequent laudatory references to the odd performer, and both shooters wore Manson t-shirts and recited his lyrics frequently.   However, many psychologists note that this type of violence hails from an inability to communicate hatred and rage, a characteristic that these lyrics definitely do NOT have (Sanjek, 1999). Violent results from these songs are not limited to school kids.   In fact, one of the newest controversies concerning music lyrics hails from the dancehalls of reggae.   Dancehall reggae lyrics have a long history of aggressive content.   One popular artist is Buju Banton, whose 1992 chart topper called ‘Boom Bye Bye† explicitly urged listeners â€Å"to burn, shoot and pour acid on gay people†Ã‚   (Werde, 2004), and Artist Beenie Man’s hit â€Å"Weh Yuh No Fi Do† similarly argues that   gay men should die. Luckily, gay rights activists have been able to convince some of these dancehall sponsors such as Red Stripe Beer and Pepsi, to exert pressure on these performers to tone down their acts.   A group of sponsors did issue a statement to this effect, saying â€Å"that the continued use of violent lyrics could ultimately lead to the decline of our music industry, as well as a social and economic backlash† (Werde, 2004). It’s disappointing to realise that in the 21st century there are still people who want to belittle or frighten other people for their own amusement. Aren’t we better than this? Aren’t our musicians better than this† (Debbonaire, 2006).   While violence is rarely linked to only one source, certainly the draw of aggressive music lyrics must share in the responsibility for aggressive behavior in youth. Possibly because of the enormous profit to be made by this music and possibly because of the first amendment, which protects speech, these lyrics are allowed onto CDs and on videos.   Despite warnings and labeling movements, any youngster who wants to obtain a CD is likely to be able to.   If not, the most vulgar of these artists perform and release their CDs underground, where they can be copied and spread among these teens. The best defense against song lyrics is parent involvement and participation.   Open discussion will do a lot towards deflecting some of the adverse effects of violence in music.   While song writers will do what makes money and kids will buy what music is hot, adults need to take a stand to ensure that this sad trend does not get any worse. References Anderson, Craig A. (2003). The influence of media violence on youth. Psychological Science in the Public Interest 4 (3), 81-100. Brownback, Senator Sam. (1998). The melodies of Mayhem. Policy Review, 92 Debbonaire, T. (2006).   Domestic Violence: Are Song Lyrics Really To Blame?   BBC Radio.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Retrieved 2 June 2007 from http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/onelife/personal/relationships/ hh_songlyrics.shtml Doherty, B. (2000). Bum Rap.   Reason 32 (7) Hall, D. (2000). Violence In Lyrics, Life An Issue For Radio. Billboard 112.27 Lena, J.C. (2006). Social Context and Musical Content of Rap Music, 1979-1995. Social Forces    85.1: 479-495 Peterson, D.L., Pfost, K.S. (1989). Influence of rock videos on attitudes of violence against women. Psychological Reports   64, 319–322. Sanjek, D. (1999). Paying the Cost to Be the Boss. Popular Music Society 23 (3), 25-29 Violent Music Lyrics Increase Aggressive Thoughts and Feelings. (2003). Journal for Quality Participation 26 (2):46-47 Waite, B.M., Hillbrand, M., Foster, H.G. (1992). Reduction of aggressive behavior after removal of Music Television. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 43, 173–175. Werde, B. (2004). Reggae Boycott. Rolling Stone, 961, November 11.    How to cite Music and Violence: Still a Concern in 2007, Essay examples

Reflection On Group Work Impact Of Teenage Pregnancy †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Reflection On Group Work Impact Of Teenage Pregnancy. Answer: Introduction Group work is important in terms of enhancing the awareness regarding the importance of unity, coordination and collaboration. Transfer of skills from one team member to the other enriches the preconceived skills, knowledge and abilities of the individuals (Malekoff, 2015). This assignment conducts a SWOT analysis of working in a group. Overall experience as a group The working experience was a very bad one. This is due to the behaviour of one of the team members. The rest of us had to take the burden of completing the whole project. This was somehow a burden for us; however, three of us maintained the unity and completed the project. The attitude of the member seemed vague in terms of the partnership working spirit within us. Personally speaking, my experience was a bitter one at the beginning. However, as I resumed work with my other team members, I learnt a big lesson regarding handling the things in adverse situations. This lesson has made me realized that independence is of utmost importance if one has to emerge successful in ones life. Strengths and weakness of working as a group Working with the other team members has enriched my preconceived knowledge, skills and expertise on heinous crimes such as teenage pregnancy. Exchange of information from the team members to me is the major drive behind this. Along with this, sharing the project has resulted in the successful completion within the stipulated deadline. Apart from this, collaboration from the other team members has helped me to overcome the major issues, which I had encountered while executing the project. Careless attitude of one of the team members towards doing the project work is one of the greatest weaknesses, which I can point out in terms of the group work, which we were assigned. This attitude has strained the unity and coordination between us. Challenges of group work Careless attitude of one of the team member is the greatest challenge for us. Coming to the discussions compelled us to repeat the constructed plans delayed the actual execution of the project related activities. In addition to that, even after repeated explanations of the things he had to do, he failed to execute them properly, which added to our complexities. Most troublesome was his habit of copy pasting the information from the internet sources, which had high chances of us getting caught for plagiarism and collusion. Upon asking the reason for doing this, excuses were always ready on his mouth. This type of behaviour strained his relationship with the professors, which deprived us from the external help and support, which we required for completing the project on teenage pregnancy. This deprivation attached an interrogative parameter on the quality of our project. Different perspective on working as a group If the professors had indulged in meeting regarding correcting the team member, I think our project would have been the best. Along with this, if face to face discussions were done with that team member regarding the reasons for this behaviour; it would have certainly led to some constructive solution. This would have benefitted us, the team member and the professors. Apart from this, we as team members could have asked about the issues, which is facing, for which he is exposing this kind of behaviour. Conclusion Counselling can be one of an effective means of transforming an individual. This is applicable for any of the aspects even partnership working. Taking the example of the team member, who exposed lackadaisical approach towards the project, counselling would excavate several reasons of this kind of behaviour- psychological, intentional, and hierarchical among others. The rest of the team members need to maintain the unity and coordination for setting an example before the team member and most importantly successful completion of the project within the stipulated time. References Brandler, S., Roman, C. P. (2015).Group work: Skills and strategies for effective interventions. Routledge. Lindsay, T., Orton, S. (2014).Groupwork practice in social work. Learning Matters. Malekoff, A. (2015).Group work with adolescents: Principles and practice. Guilford Publications. Reynolds, M. (2013).Group Work in Education and Training. Routledge.

No Sugar by Jack Davis Essay Example

No Sugar by Jack Davis Essay Since the colonisation of Australia through ‘white settlement’, those in power have held prejudiced attitudes towards those native to the land. Over the past two hundred years, such views has led to a highly segregated society. Through the utilisation of dramatic elements, in the play â€Å"No Sugar†, Jack Davis provides a medium to explore the gap between non-indigenous and indigenous worlds. The multi-sensory experience directs the thoughts of the audience, whereby staging, props, language, sound and lighting move beyond the written word, delving deep into the crux of the post-colonial context.Through an effective amalgamation of these conventions, Davis initiates attitudinal changes within a society that is ultimately in conflict. A key dramatic element exercised throughout the play is the ‘perambulant model’ where the action of the play shifts between several locations: on one side of the stage, the audience can see the town of Northam and its police station, and on the other side, the audience can view the Moore River Settlement with the Superintendent’s Office. In his notes, Davis outlines that the play is ‘designed for dispersed setting on an open stage’. Throughout the play, this scattered nature of staging conveys a world of displacement and dispossession, where the Nyoongah’s are visibly segregated and unable and unwilling to assimilate to white culture. In addition Aboriginal scenes enacted in the bare, earthed space in the centre, characterised by the more circular and spherical lines of Dreaming, conveys an atmosphere of simplicity and spirituality, in contrast to the chaotic world of white bureaucracy at Neville’s office. Despite maintaining a measure of their own space at the water hole and campfire, Davis shows that all space is ultimately dominated and controlled by white authority, creating definition between the two cultures role in society. We will write a custom essay sample on No Sugar by Jack Davis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on No Sugar by Jack Davis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on No Sugar by Jack Davis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Structurally, dramatic contrast is achieved in ‘No S

Secularism And Its Effect On Society Religion Essay Example

Secularism And Its Effect On Society Religion Essay Example Secularism And Its Effect On Society Religion Essay Secularism And Its Effect On Society Religion Essay Secularism is the separation of province and faith. It is the exclusion or rejection of faith from political or civil personal businesss of the province. Bing an ancient belief of some ancient Grecian and Roman philosophers like Marcus Aurelius it has developed and expanded to make different corners of the universe. However, the term secularism is comparatively new as it was foremost mentioned or coined by the British author George Holyoake in 1851. In the 1700 s different authors and philosophers of the Enlightenment Age had proposed its application in society. High Renaissance writers besides gave rise to secularism and idealism in their plants formed from Classicism, but it was largely in historical instead than artistic and architectural plants. Therefore, secularism was officially born or started during the Renaissance but found a certain terms in the eighteenth century during the Age of Reason. The construct and its application grew stronger with the Gallic revolution trans porting until today. The most secular provinces in modern-day times have more than doubled the figure of non-secular provinces. However, some secular provinces do non use it to the full and still detect some spiritual foibles like vacations. Some provinces, nevertheless, do non hold a defined province faith because of different patterns of a big figure of its citizens. For illustration, Nigeria has Islam, Christianity and other Traditional faiths but non every bit much as the first two- as the official faiths of the state. The full state observes both Islamic and Christian vacations and puts aside money in its budget for different intents for this faith. Hence, secularism has had a encouragement in the last two to three centuries. Since its outgrowth, faith holds the function or position as the footing for jurisprudence and all other legalities. It is the exclusive beginning of jurisprudence and everyone is expected to obey its regulations and ordinances and failure to make so consequences in penalty of the guilty individual or individuals by spiritual edict. Therefore, the proper function of faith in every society is to put down the regulations or Torahs to be followed by every member. It besides encompasses the full life of a individual, from his or her birth, day-to-day activities and even to demise and farther. Religion is absolute i.e. it is a godly edict from the Almighty. Europe was widely Roman Catholic Christians due to the Roman vanquishers of the Dark and Middle Ages. Europe was a really spiritual continent. Hence, faith was the jurisprudence seting the church over even the opinion Monarchs and Lords. However, this agreement depended on the state and sometimes changed harmonizing to the swayer. For illustration, King Richard the Lion Heart of England was a strong Catholic and a leader of the campaigns hence, had a good standing with the church while his brother John besides known as John Lackland who became king after him did non. Pope Innocent II excommunicated him due to a difference between them on who was to be the following Archbishop of Canterbury. Because the olden Norman and Angevin male monarchs of England had had considerable influence with the church, he besides assumed he could. However, the church triumphed and he kept on paying the church compensation money for some clip. Therefore, spiritual regulations have been around for a long clip due to faith and its willing followings. It can besides be seen from the clip of its outgrowth and development from animism to polytheism and eventually monotheism, all faiths allow for the belief in a power or divinity that sets regulations. These regulations have been sometimes to the advantage of society and at other times to its hurt. For case, in pre-Christian Rome, human forfeit or bloodshed is said to be the bringer of the God s and goddesses clemency on the people of Rome. Human forfeit brought about rainfall, good crop and abundant wealth. Therefore, it brought about the birth of the gladiators and their legendary battles to delight the divinities. Another illustration would be the Indian forfeit of a widow on her dead hubby s funeral pyre or subsequently times the terminal of her societal life and she is considered a bad fortune appeal for anyone. Therefore, faith compelled society to either kill these wid ows or cut them off from society and coerce them to populate together without support, have oning merely white and selling their organic structures to feed themselves most of the clip. Some faiths even back up and O.K. of incest particularly brother-sister incest which can be seen in Egyptian, Nipponese and Chinese royal households of the olden yearss. Hence, the proper function of faith in society is to set up and convey order non chaos to religion. But for the most portion, Europe engaged in wars between its states due to religion giving 1000s of lives to its cause. For illustration, the Campaigns that were undertaken three times by different states that threw all of their money into them by to a great extent taxing their people to finance wars which were lost in the terminal. Some states, like England and France neer recovered to the full from this economical forfeit which can be said the developments in both these states because of hapless criterion of life. State faith in France after the revolution gave manner to province godlessness which promoted the suppression of faith. It is overriding to understand that secularism promotes spiritual freedom while maintaining it from act uponing its Torahs while godlessness does non back up the pattern of faith at all. In modern or modern-day times, secularism is more popular because it promotes equality of faiths before the jurisprudence and can squelch accusal of favouritism towards one faith. However, in communist provinces province godlessness is promoted. The modern universe should non abandon or pass on faith to the side as it is being done in most modern provinces. It is a given that some provinces have more than one major faiths to see. This might a present a job to most provinces when it comes to jurisprudence devising. However in Nigeria, the jurisprudence shapers have done a good occupation instilling its major faiths i.e. Islam and Christianity with great consequences. The state besides recognizes other patterns of the less populated traditional faiths accepting some things like matrimony, paternity and acceptance without a demand for a legal representative at the clip. It can be said that faith threw Europe in to a province of war, but it can non be refuted that it besides brought about stableness at the clip of its outgrowth in Europe. However, most people particularly the philosopes like Denis Diderot rejected the thought of God doing faith synonymous to socie ties agonies. He wrote an essay about a deceasing blind professor, Lettre Sur lupus erythematosuss aveugles, in which he promoted his political orientation. It is believed Diderot s sister s decease in a convent where she was a nun contributed to his disfavor of faith. Therefore, it can be seen that agonies of people of the hapless at the custodies of the church led to many Europeans credence of godlessness. On the other manus, it most provinces that have a individual faith as its province faith and being non-secular have a comparatively unagitated and orderly society. For illustration, the Middle Eastern states that usage Islam as their functionary faith use the Quran and the instructions of the Prophet Muhammad ( S.A.W ) as their jurisprudence. Although there is crisis in the Middle East states like Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates enjoy a peaceable societal and economical life which orderly and chaos-free. The separation of faith and province Torahs both has its advantages and disadvantages. It is still an on-going argument on whether its benefits outweigh its defects. If province is separated from faith, Torahs will hold no direct spiritual influence. Man made spiritual regulations stating is non the jurisprudence. Tolerance of other faiths will be developed. Nepotism and segregation or bias due to spiritual difference will greatly cut down. The province will non add spiritual disbursals to its budget go forthing it with more financess to prosecute other province affairs or jobs. Atheist can besides be tolerated and their positions heard. Freedom of look is greatly promoted in these societies. Democracy is besides promoted. On the other manus, if province is non separate from faith it will incur excess disbursals. There is less tolerance of other faiths and their pattern as can be seen in topographic points like Saudi Arabia, the U.A.E, Yemen and Israel to a great extent towards Muslims. Religious expressions are considered as jurisprudence. Atheism every bit good as bad talking the faith will be considered unorthodoxy and might even be punishable by decease as seen during the church s powerful clasp in Europe. However, some of the advantages above can besides turn into these disadvantages while some of the disadvantages turn into advantages. For illustration, tolerance of godlessness can take to its widespread and the diminution in faith as evidenced in Europe with the coming of unbelieving Enlightened philosophers. Although there was no tolerance in most states, the Netherlands allowed these people to print most of their plants and in making so helped the spread of godlessness. Democracy can be said to be extremely overrated because most provinces practising it can besides conflict on the rights of others and non digest their spiritual freedom. For illustration, the jurisprudence that was passed in France by President Nicholas Sarkozy to forestall Muslim adult females from covering their caput infringed on their freedom of faith and look. So besides were the penalties administered by most churches in early Europe which sometimes involved stoning or decapitating depending on the magnitude of the wickedness in the church s eyes. However, these rights subsequently left the custodies of the churches and transferred to the feudal Godheads who still took advices from their assigned priests. This nevertheless, seemed to decrease the penalty taking it off from adult females and kids but largely between work forces and their feudal Godheads. However, a more outstanding illustration of non-separation jobs can be seen with the Catholic Popes of the Renaissance epoch in Italy. Their frivolous and epicurean life style damaged the image of faith and gave it no acceptance in the eyes of the trusters. They did nt care for their people and largely left them to endure. Another illustration is the epoch of the Plantagenet Kings of England. All of these male monarchs made England a really hapless and unhappy state by taxing its people to a great extent and changeless battle in wars that were largely junior-grade and selfish. Further, Philip II launched a naval onslaught on England beca use of faith and without a idea to his people and their support cut down Spain s woods to construct his ships led to the economic diminution of Spain which was one time had a robust economic system. Therefore, by dividing or non dividing faith and province, pandemonium occurs. However, it is wiser to maintain faith as a footing for jurisprudence devising. Divine messages if followed adamantly lead to peace non anarchy as can be seen in Saudi, U.A.E, Qatar, Brunei and others. Secularism in modern-day universe has led to worsen in earlier extremely valued ethical motives. Nowadays, sexual relationships are openly carried out i.e. a twosome can travel in together with the cognition with both their parents and other people in society. On the other manus, non-secular and Old Europe frowned upon something like this. Fornication and criminal conversation are seen as a wickedness from a spiritual point of position everyplace in the universe. Although, the sovereign and blue bloods still indulged in the pleasances of the flesh and the priests and society look the other manner every bit long as they are discreet for case Henry VII with his six married womans and countless kept womans. However, this illustration is alone to those societies that at the clip were non really spiritual, frivolous and at times helter-skelter. For illustration, Italian Renaissance that was characterized with frivolousness and worldly chases because of they were non practising spiritual expressions. This epoch can be identified with one of Europe s most disgraceful and licentious relationships and tonss of single female parents who suffered greatly. Synonymously, in the modern universe, the Western universe is extremely secular and as such it besides faces the job of teenage gestation, single individual female parents populating in poorness, high divorce rates, and legion instances of unfaithfulness and so on. However, after the moving ridge of frivolousness during the Renaissance had been cleared by Paul III and hid replacements, the enlightenment age brought with it a new moving ridge of low moral criterions. It can be seen from the 18th to the nineteenth century how extra-marital personal businesss became about legalized. A married woman was chiefly the agencies to an inheritor. She was required to be faithful to her hub by until she has given him an inheritor so that there will be no competition as to who the kid s male parent was. She can so hold her personal businesss every bit long as she was discreet while the hubby besides has his ain kept womans and personal businesss. Therefore, bogus kids belonging to the Lords and blue bloods were really high in figure with a great many of the boies given rubrics while the girls are at most times educated. All these epochs though accepting of these low lesson values make societal outcast out of its practicians. Therefore, secularism might advance or develop persons to be independent but it does non protect them from the rough worlds of life. A spiritual and orderly society do non hold such jobs, although they do occur but non in such high Numberss as in secular provinces. For illustration, the Puritans live their lives merely though of modern times, they do non believe in worldly pleasances. Furthermore, the rate of self-destruction is seen to be much higher in secular provinces. There may be spiritual forfeits as in the widow combustion in Hinduism or lapidating in Islam, it nevertheless, does non claim as many lives as self-destruction in the Western secular provinces. Furthermore, both of the aforesaid patterns have falling into neglect while self-destruction is the most approaching and pressing job of deceases in secular societies. Having lived in a non-secular society where faith governs our twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours lives. I have witnessed how spiritual expressions from God can be turned and manipulated to accommodate the demands of work forces. In my sentiment, secularism is a good thought but it besides does nt acquire to be practiced the manner it is supposed to be. For illustration, late the Gallic authorities although naming itself secular passed a measure to halt adult females or specifically Muslim adult females from covering their faces. It is absolutely allowed to approve those that refuse to demo their faces for security grounds, but why persecute all on the footing of a impression or what a minority does? It goes to demo that both secular and non-secular provinces need to work on where they stand in the modern universe. Timess have changed since people will take in pace what the province dictates. As it can be informants in France, although adult females are being sanctioned and charge d, they still rebelliously wear their caput covering. To them, their head covering is and individuality of who they are and what they represent as Muslim adult females. The Gallic authorities will make good to larn from past errors of enforcing countenances on their people and its terminal consequences i.e. the revolution. I believe that faith plays a function in society that can be at most positive and sometimes negative. However, both sides can be argued harmonizing to one s ain point of position. For an academic ( western instruction ) , socialist or scientific point of position faith has more negative than positive sides. For illustration, gender inequality, female instruction and sacrificial functions to do person give up his/her life. On the other manus, theologists or spiritual bookmans will give recognition to the positive side of faith for conveying approximately peace, repose and equity. For case, Islam in Arabia pulled the people out of ignorance or Jahiliyyah as the period is known to a blissful clip of peace and love for all. Further, in the Christian and Islamic books i.e. the Bible and Quran severally, narratives showcased the manner faith brought the people peace and flight from harsh and ruthless swayers as in the narratives of Moses, Abraham and Jesus. Hence, the merger of these two p ositions still proves to be ineffectual. To my apprehension, until these two opposing point of positions are united, secularism can non and will non be practiced to everyone s satisfaction. Democracy can non be practiced to the full without any partizan influence from spiritual groups either. The 9/11 onslaughts claimed by the Taliban are now being seen as onslaughts orchestrated by Jews and some say by the American authorities itself. President George Bush, the former president was said to be a member of a spiritual groups that rule America between themselves therefore, extinguishing any hint that all past democratic opinions were just. Current president Barack Obama besides hit a brick wall during his run for the station. Because of his Muslim-like name and his roots, he was considered a Muslim sitting as a Christian to acquire Islam to govern America. This influenced so many people non to vote him reasonably based on a judgement of his character. By dividing faith and province, the title has merely fueled the widening spread between the two most dominant faiths in the universe ergo in America excessively. Schools do non learn their students much about faith ; hence, they come out with a icteric position created by the media. Most politicians besides do non conceal their antipathy for other faiths as can be seen by Sarah Palin and her anti-Islamic sentiments. European history in its class from the ancient Greeks to the Romans to the Celts and the Vikings to Feudal systems and absolutist Monarchies and eventually to the reaching of constitutional monarchy and democracy has shaped the universe to what it is today. The West is the manner it is thanks to these people who lived 100s of old ages ago. But unhappily, the universe is yet to open their eyes and learn from past errors. European history in its class has shown us how tyranny or absolutisms can crumple in mere yearss when the people revolt. But the enticement of power is excessively much for most leaders that they forget the yesteryear and merely indulge in the present and pigment and program a happy hereafter. This can be witnessed in the recent moving ridge of unrest passing through some of the North African and In-between Eastern states. The leaders of these states had been at that place since land come but are non ready to lose that power they hold so in their clasp. It took a revo lution for most of these swayers to give up and step aside ; nevertheless, some refuse like Libyan and Yemenis presidents. In my sentiment, it all comes down to greed and the lecherousness for power. The features of these people can be witnessed from other historical figures like Napoleon I of France, John I of England, Charles V Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain, Philip II of Spain and others. Most of these leaders thirst and lust for power led to their ultimate ruin most particularly Napoleon and his quest to make an imperium for himself all over Europe. In decision, I believe secularism is merely applicable to some provinces while in others it can neer be good implemented. To my apprehension, African states like Nigeria can non work good under secular regulation because of the assorted spiritual groups in the state. Other topographic points that witness Islam as the dominant faith can neer utilize secularism to regulate a province. Islam itself brings an full system of the manner a province under Islamic regulation is supposed to map. It can be seen that most of these Middle Eastern provinces have flourished under this system. For Christianity, I believe the Vatican is a typical illustration of a spiritual province being ruled by a spiritual system that works reasonably darned good. The Pope as its caput and the people under him are go forthing in a peaceable and non-hectic environment. However, the Christian universe ( West ) has learned another lesson from European history of Christian wars and its regulations. Therefore, it is wa ry of traveling back for seconds after interrupting off and organizing other positions that do non conform to the Catholic Church. As the expression goes one time bitten twice diffident so besides do most Christians feel they can non travel back under influence and regulation by the Church. But most of all European history, particularly the Enlightenment age has left its grade on history by recommending godlessness. As some figures and statistics show, the universe faiths are worsening in figure as more and more people stop believing in God. Atheism has spread its wings to touch every corner of the universe non merely the West but Asia and Africa, two of the most spiritual continents in the universe. Hence, most people believe the turning rate of godlessness should be synonymous with secularism so as to make a balance between the trusters and the non-believers. However, I believe lone clip will state what is the right way for us to follow and convey peace and harmoniousness to our otherwise helter-skelter universe.

Quotes to Mark International Womens Day

Quotes to Mark International Womens Day The United Nations instituted International Womens Day, celebrated every year on March 8, to commemorate the contribution of women in the socio-political sphere as well as in global peace and security.​ International Womens Day can be traced back to the womens suffrage movement  starting in the 19th century. Over many decades, women achieved tremendous progress in many areas of life. Womens emancipation from​ traditional roles took on new meaning when they traveled into space and fought alongside men in combat. Insightful Quotes About Womenhood Mahatma Gandhi Woman is the companion of man, gifted with equal mental capacity. Farrah Fawcett God gave women intuition and femininity. Used properly, the combination easily jumbles the brain of any man Ive ever met. Harriet Beecher Stowe Women are the real architects of society. Charles Malik The fastest way to change society is to mobilize the women of the world. Barbara Bush Somewhere out in this audience may even be someone who will one day follow in my footsteps, and preside over the White House as the Presidents spouse. I wish him well! Virginia Woolf Women have served all these centuries as looking-glasses possessing the magic and delicious power of reflecting the figure of a man at twice its natural size. Timothy Leary Women who seek to be equal with men lack ambition. Ville Valo Women are always beautiful.. Loretta Young A charming woman doesn’t follow the crowd. She is herself. Philip Moeller Women are seldom silent. Their beauty is forever speaking for them. Nancy Pelosi Women are leaders everywhere you look from the CEO who runs a Fortune 500 company to the housewife who raises her children and heads her household. Our country was built by strong women and we will continue to break down walls and defy stereotypes. Melinda Gates A woman with a voice is by definition a strong woman. But the search to find that voice can be remarkably difficult. Eleanor Roosevelt Nobody can make you feel inferior without your permission. Robert Elliott Gonzales, Poems and Paragraphs All the worlds a stage, and its a dead easy guess which sex has all the speaking parts. Louise Otto The history of all times, and of today especially, teaches that women will be forgotten if they forget to think about themselves. Margaret Sanger A free race cannot be born of slave mothers. Ellen DeGeneres I really dont think I need buns of steel. Id be happy with buns of cinnamon. Joseph Conrad Being a woman is a terribly difficult task  since it consists principally in dealing with men. Margaret Thatcher If you want something said, ask a man; if you want something done, ask a woman. Christabel Pankhurst Remember the dignity of your womanhood. Do not appeal, do not beg, do not grovel. Take courage, join hands, stand beside us, fight with us. Roseanne Barr The thing women have yet to learn is nobody gives you power. You just take it. Erma Bombeck It takes a lot of courage to show your dreams to someone else. David Bower ï » ¿Dream the dreams that have never been dreamt.

Historical Figures and their impact on American History Essay - 1

Historical Figures and their impact on American History - Essay Example The biggest moment in Jackson’s military career was his defeat of British forces at the Battle of New Orleans in 1815, which helped restore the nation’s pride. Even though this was the last engagement with the British in the military, he was also involved with many military engagements with Indian tribes that were in the region. After the fall of the British, he began to step in and participate in the arena of politics. He first ran as the presidential candidate in 1824 against John Quincy Adams; he lost. He had won most of the popular vote, but did not receive the electoral majority. He ran again in 1829 and finally won the election. The biggest thing in his favor was he was considered to be â€Å"a friend to the common man† having been the only one of the first elected presidents to not come from aristocracy. His biggest and longest contribution to the economic system of America was the abolishment and reformation of the bank of the United States. He felt that the economic systems of America had to be concentrated and that the economic policies swayed too much power over Congress. He was also known for the Indian Removal Act in 1830. It allowed the federal government to negotiate for land outside the US territory and eventually forced the Indians further west. Although Jackson was able to create a better society for those of the lower classes, he made many enemies which is what eventually lead to his assassination attempt in 1835. Jackson died on June 8, 1845 in Nashville, Tennessee. Even though he died, his strong will was considered by many to be the start of what would become Manifest Destiny in American exploration west (â€Å"Andrew Jackson Biography†). Although not one of the more popular ideas which arose from his presidency... After the fall of the British, he began to step in and participate in the arena of politics. He first ran as the presidential candidate in 1824 against John Quincy Adams; he lost. He had won most of the popular vote but did not receive the electoral majority. He ran again in 1829 and finally won the election. The biggest thing in his favor was he was considered to be â€Å"a friend to the common man† has been the only one of the first elected presidents to not come from the aristocracy. His biggest and longest contribution to the economic system of America was the abolishment and reformation of the bank of the United States. He felt that the economic systems of America had to be concentrated and that the economic policies swayed too much power over Congress. He was also known for the Indian Removal Act in 1830. It allowed the federal government to negotiate for land outside the US territory and eventually forced the Indians further west. Although Jackson was able to create a b etter society for those of the lower classes, he made many enemies which are what eventually lead to his assassination attempt in 1835. Jackson died on June 8, 1845, in Nashville, Tennessee. Even though he died, his strong will was considered by many to be the start of what would become Manifest Destiny in American exploration west. Although not one of the more popular ideas which arose from his presidency was the concept of the spoils system. The spoils system was a way of rewarding those who were loyal to the political party which wins the election.

Online sex offenders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Online sex offenders - Essay Example One of the studies revealed that majority of the online sex offenders have testified to contact sexual activities with their victims who are majorly children. For this reason, all online sex offenders should be held accountable for their actions by facing the full wrath of the law. Furthermore, they should be monitored even after serving their sentence because most of them tend to repeat the same offence. There are two types of online sex offenders; type one are those who knowingly take advantage of the innocence of the minors to seek for sexual activities. The second group is the offenders who unknowingly interact with the minors thinking that they are adult. This second group is tricky because the children propagate the act. However, irrespective of the group, all of them are liable for prosecution because it is believed that all the adults must practice responsible sexual relationships. The online sex offenders upon realizing that their prey is a child they employ various tactics with the sole purpose of winning their trust. Majority of them start with an informal introduction where they portray themselves as humble, reliable and trustworthy individual who can be available to assist the minor in handling emotional issues. After getting to know the minor, the offender takes advantage of them by using the information gathered to seduce the child. At this point, the offender exchange pornographic materials such as the videos and pictures to the minor with the goal of luring them into sexual activities.in addition, some even organizes with the minors for meeting where they engage in physical sexual activities. Lack of proper protection laws provides a platform for these culprits to proceed with this vice without being held accountable. Minor solicitation is acts where by individuals who are more than eighteen years old utilize internet to involve minors in sexual activities. The law dictates that there

Award and Graduation Essay Example for Free

Award and Graduation Essay My Most Embarrassing Experience People have feelings, happy, sad, shy, nervous, or embarrassing. I’m sure everyone has had an experience before or even now! Everyone feels. Have you ever had a feeling similar to the above? If you were happy, you must have been laughing or enjoying what you were doing! If you were angry, you had a specific reason. If you were shy, like me today, scared to present. But my point is, have you felt embarrassed? Have you felt so embarrassed before that in that moment you wanted to completely disappear, and it was killing you. Well that’s what I had felt a couple years ago. Not too long actually, I remember it like it was yesterday. I had my most embarrassing experience in middle school when I was 13. It was the summer of June like every other school; graduation was right around the corner. Graduation came sooner than we had thought. It was the morning of graduation and all the staff was setting up, the senior band rehearsing for our graduation song, parents fighting for a better view, security pulling aside parents to confiscate horns others hiding them in between layers of clothes, and students nervous for what was yet to come. It was about 20 minutes into the graduation, the moment everyone had been waiting for, handshakes, hugs and certificates. I was sitting at the front beside the stage. They had sat us down in alphabetical order according to homerooms. Anyways, they were giving prizes, announcing certificates, and handing out special awards. They said my name well at least I had thought I had heard my name. So I went up to get my award and it turned out it had been this other girl, I had heard the wrong name! Oh! How embarrassing! The worst was having to walk back to my seat because everyone was whispering about it. I did overhear one conversation and it was one of my friends. Well at least she was before that moment. I’ll never ever live that one down.

Bilingual Education Essay -- essays research papers

Bilingual education was first initiated in 1968. It was a new means to educate the children who spoke a minority language. thirty-one years later the same problems exist for those children who speak a language other then English. The experiment of Bilingual education has been a failure and now it’s time to move on. The first English only initiatives were brought forth in 1981 by newly elected president Reagan. Since then the conflict over Bilingual education has drove on. Currently twenty-three states have â€Å"English Only† laws with 4 states having laws that are pending. The issue of bilingual education and the conflict that surrounds it is primarily focused between whites and Hispanics, although since the mid 70’s it’s also been involved with the Chinese and Mung cultures. Bilingual education has failed however, currently the movement is towards and English only educational system. The simple fact of the matter is that people who speak a language in th is country will never get ahead. We’ve tested the ignorant notion that you could get by without speaking English; or speaking English very minimally, but that’s promoting and even more ignorant idea which is that you don’t need speak English fluently to succeed in America. In 1968 we didn’t know that Bilingual Education wouldn’t work, however, it’s time to move on and do the right thing and switch to English Only.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lyndon Johnson was president, we had the futile dream of world peace, at the same time we were â€Å"Bombing the North Vietnamese into the stone-age†. In the final year of LBJ’s presidency sever new education initives were taken as part of the last step in his â€Å"Great Society† programs. One of these new initives was Bilingual education. At the time it was supported by the Liberal whites in this country, for the most part the conservative Hispanic sect was opposed to such measures. The idea at the time was, kids would learn in their native language and simply pick up English gradually. Those ideas were radicalized in the 1970’s however, the premise moved away from gradual learning of English; to English wasn’t really necessary. In 1981 Bilingual education came under assault from newly elected president Reagan proposed moving to the English Only system. The idea wasn’t viewed as Anti-Hispanic at the time, or as some kind of racist proposal. Reagan was adored by a majority of th... ...and since 1908 printed exclusively in English by the United States Government. Teddy Roosevelt said in 1908 that â€Å"To print the American Constitution in any other language but English, would be like spitting in the face of our forefathers†. The Untied States Supreme Court has also ruled numerous times that English only laws do not violate the 1st amendment of our Constitution.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I personally believe that in our nation there needs to be a main language, not 3 or 4 or 1200. George Washington wasn’t giving orders at Valley Forge in Russian he was speaking English. Abe Lincoln didn’t give the Gettysburgh Address in Portuguese. It’s not to much to ask for every American citizen to be able to speak English fluently. No one is forced to live here, and if you refuse to adapt you probably shouldn’t be living here. If you want to speak German by all means go ahead and do so, but do it back in Germany. While you’re in America however, we speak English, and if you don’t know it you’re in trouble. The conflict is over rated. It’s not a matter of racism or of any other kind of hatred. It’s a simple matter of principle. American’s speak English it’s not to much to ask.

Psychological approaches Essay

Today, few psychologists identify their outlook according to a particular school of thought. While you may still find some pure behaviorists or psychoanalysts, the majority of psychologists instead categorize their work according to their specialty area and perspective. Every topic in psychology can be looked at in a number of different ways. For example, let’s consider the subject of aggression. Someone who emphasizes a biological perspective would look at the how the brain and nervous system impact aggressive behavior. A professional who stresses a behavioral perspective would look at how environmental variables reinforce aggressive actions. Another psychologist who utilizes a cross-cultural approach might consider how cultural and social influences contribute to aggressive or violent behaviors. The following are just a few of the major perspectives in modern psychology. The Psychodynamic Perspective The psychodynamic perspective originated with the work of Sigmund Freud. This view of psychology and human behavior emphasizes the role of the unconscious mind, early childhood experiences, and interpersonal relationships to explain human behaviour and to treat people suffering from mental illnesses. The Behavioral Perspective Behavioral psychology is a perspective that focuses on learned behaviors. Behaviorism differed from many other perspectives because instead of emphasizing internal states, it focused solely on observable behaviors. While this school of thought dominated psychology early in the twentieth century, it began to lose its hold during the 1950s. Today, the behavioral perspective is still concerned with how behaviors are learned and reinforced. Behavioral principles are often applied in mental health settings, where therapists and counselors use these techniques to explain and treat a variety of illnesses. The Cognitive Perspective During the 1960s, a new perspective known as cognitive psychology began to take hold. This area of psychology focuses on mental processes such as memory, thinking, problem solving, language and decision-making. Influenced by psychologists such as Jean Piaget and Albert Bandura, this perspective has grown tremendously in recent decades. Cognitive psychologists often utilize an information-processing model, comparing the human mind to a computer, to conceptualize how information is acquired, processed, stored, and utilized. The Biological Perspective The study of physiology played a major role in the development of psychology as a separate science. Today, this perspective is known as biological psychology. Sometimes referred to as biopsychology or physiological psychology, this point of view emphasizes the physical and biological bases of behavior. Researchers who take a biological perspective on psychology might look at how genetics influence different behaviors or how damage to specific areas of the brain influence behavior and personality. Things like the nervous system, genetics, the brain, the immune system, and the endocrine systems are just a few of the subjects that interest biological psychologists. This perspective has grown significantly over the last few decades, especially with advances in our ability to explore and understand the human brain and nervous system. Tools such as MRI scans and PET scans allow researchers to look at the brain under a variety of conditions. Scientists can now look at the effects of brain damage, drugs, and disease in ways that were simply not possible in the past. The Evolutionary Perspective Evolutionary psychology is focused on the study of how evolution explains physiological processes. Psychologists and researchers take the basic principles of evolution, including natural selection, and apply them to psychological phenomena. This perspective suggests that these mental processes exist because they serve an evolutionary purpose – they aid in survival and reproduction. The Humanistic Perspective During the 1950s, a school of thought known as humanistic psychology emerged. Influenced greatly by the work of prominent humanists such as Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow, this perspective emphasizes the role of motivation on thought and behavior. Concepts such as self-actualization are an essential part of this perspective. Those who take the humanist perspective focus on the ways that human beings are driven to grow, change, and develop their personal potential. Positive psychology is one relatively recent movement in psychology that has its roots in the humanist perspective.

Lord of the Flies and Psychology

William Golding’s Lord of the Flies, narrates the story of a group of English boys as they struggle to survive on an uncharted, uninhabited island. The boy’s airplane crashes into the island and kills any adults on board — leaving the boys to fend for themselves. Ralph and Piggy meet each other first and, upon Piggy’s counsel, Ralph decides to call a meeting of all the boys by blowing on a conch shell. The boys quickly begin to form a society in which they elect Ralph as their leader. A boy called Jack quietly disagrees and believes that he should lead the group. As times passes, Jack and his choir become hunters for the rest of the boys and they begin to enjoy the ways of a predator. As Jack grows more savage, he becomes unhappy with the way that Ralph leads the boys and decides that he will go to the other side of the island and start his own tribe. Boys slowly begin to leave Ralph to join Jack. The boys become so savage that they kill two boys and they plan to kill Ralph. Just as Jack has cornered Ralph, a naval officer appears and rescues them all. Golding depicts not only the struggle of the boys to survive, but also the psychological reasoning that leads the boys to abandon the civilized nature that they know. Through characterization and setting Golding creates in his novel, an ideal forum for validating psychological principles introduced by Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, and Carl Jung. Sigmund Freud was a psychologist who pioneered the thought that the mind contains three different levels, the id, the ego, and the superego. The id bases itself on the pleasure principle; it meets basic needs. The id wants a quick satiation of needs and has no consideration for the reality of a situation. The ego bases itself on the reality principle, it understands that other people have needs and desires and that impulsiveness or selfishness can cause harm in the future. The ego meets the needs of the id, while taking the reality of the situation into consideration. The Superego develops due to the moral and ethical restraints placed on a child by influential adults in their lives. One could compare the superego to the conscience, as it dictates belief of right and wrong. Golding acknowledges these different states of consciousness within his novel by using characters to represent each one. For instance, Jack represents the id. Jack never takes into consideration the best thing for the group or himself in the long run and he holds himself accountable to no set of rules or any code of ethics. â€Å"Bollocks to the rules! We're strong – we hunt! If there's a beast, we'll hunt it down! We'll close in and beat and beat and beat† (91). Jack addresses the issue of a beast believed to inhabit the island by filling his thirst for violence and neglecting to take into consideration that confronting a beast will most likely lead to danger. Jack’s reasoning involves selfish motives; he wants to get rid of the beast, he wants to kill, he does not care that he has potentially placed the others in a dangerous situation, nor does he realize the ludicrousness of the beast, Jack has neglected reality entirely. Piggy represents the ego. He constantly tries to reason with the other boys, when he and Ralph first meet, Piggy understands that the other boys also landed on the island and someone needs to find and help them. â€Å"We got to find the others. We got to do something† (14). Piggy also realizes that the boys will most likely stay on the island for a while before someone rescues them — if someone ever rescues them at all. Piggy understands the boys while staying in touch with reality and he knows that if he does not find the smaller boys and take care of them, they will die. Piggy comprehends the seriousness of their predicament and realizes what it will take to keep everyone in order and alive. Simon represents the superego because he adheres to the principles instilled in him by society and civilization. After Jack has killed a pig for the first time, he and his clan approach while chanting, Piggy whimpers and â€Å"Simon hushed him quickly as though he had spoken too loudly in church† (69). Simon’s conscience keeps Piggy in line even when dealing with savage Jack. Towards the end of the novel, the other boys savagely murder Simon; when the boys kill Simon they also kill their conscience, they kill the rules and implications set upon them in order to keep society civilized and from this point until the boys get rescued their savage nature completely takes over and nothing holds them back any longer. Alfred Adler believed that personality difficulties are rooted in a feeling of inferiority. He also believed that people focus on maintaining control over their lives. Golding shows these ideas in his novel. Piggy, Ralph, and Jack all have issues with inferiority and control, in some way each of them feels inferior and each them strives for control. The other boys consider Piggy substandard to them because physically he is not their equal, Piggy realizes that the other boys perceive him this way and tries to make up for it with his intellect and emphasis on the rules, which leads into Piggy’s control issue he tries to use control to counter act the feeling of being out-classed. Jack always strives for superiority, from the very beginning Jack feels that he should be chief instead of Ralph. Jack crumbles underneath his need to become more superior than Ralph and decides to takes control of his situation and forms his own tribe. Jack tries to control his life by getting his way and convincing other boys to get his way as well. Ralph fears inferiority, leadership thrusts itself upon Ralph but he holds his position in very high regard. As Ralph loses support from his tribe, he loses his superiority and he begins to lose faith in himself and become more nervous. Ralph does not like the loss of control in his tribe or in his life, the signal fire and getting the boys to help him make shelters was so important to him for this reason. Adler studied various types of people and he came to the conclusion that there are the four main types of people: The ruling type that tries to control others, the getting type that tends to go along with others ideas, the avoiding type that tries to isolate themselves to avoid defeat, the socially useful type that values having control over their lives and strive to do good things for the sake of society. Jack represents the ruling type with his demand that the boys do as he says â€Å"‘go on’ the two savages looked at each other, raised their spears together and spoke in time. ‘The chief has spoken’ â€Å"(141). Jack thrives off of ruling and absolute power. Sam and Eric fit into the category of the getting type, they tend to go along with and do what others tell them to do. Whenever Ralph is their chief they listen to him and go along with what he says, and then when Jack captures them and takes them to his tribe they adhere to his code and do what he says. Sam and Eric follow — they do not contribute to creative thought but they willingly take part in its aftermath. Simon represents the avoiding type, he largely keeps to himself, and he goes and finds a secret place where he can sit alone in the quiet with his thoughts. Ralph represents the socially useful type, he likes to have control of the boys but, unlike Jack he wants them to do things for the betterment of the group. Adler’s ideas come to life in Golding’s Lord of the Flies. Psychologist Carl Jung believed that symbol creation was a key in understanding human nature. Symbols express something essentially unknown in the best way possible. The boys in Lord of the Flies create a symbol for their fear, at times the boys feel afraid and they cannot exactly express why. The boys create the symbol of the beast because they cannot touch or see their fear and so they imagine a beast that they could touch and see. Whenever Simon recognizes that the thing to fear lies within the boys he also creates a symbol, the Lord of the flies. Jung also believed that the introvert and the extrovert make up the main components of personality. The introvert, like Simon, tends to keep to themselves, and find more interest in ideas than in people. â€Å"Simon paused. He looked over his shoulder as jack had done at the close ways behind him and glanced quickly around to confirm that he was utterly alone† (56). The extrovert however, is outgoing and socially oriented. Both Jack and Piggy fit the description of extroverts because, they both freely express their ideas and long for others to hear and admire them. According to Jung a person that has a healthy personality can realize these opposite tendencies and can express each. Ralph most closely adheres to Jung’s theory about healthy personality. Ralph has a need for socialization but, he also knows when he needs time for reflection and thought, many times Ralph wishes that he had time to gather his thoughts before he had to go and present them in front of the rest of the tribe. When reading Lord of the Flies some readers may miss the latent meaning and only focus on the manifest. Readers who do not take in deeper psychological nature of the novel would attribute the boy’s different reaction to the island, to differences in personality and background instead of the boys taking on the image of the different levels of consciousness. This reader might think that they could not keep order simply because they are just young boys when their real motives were their subconscious need for superiority. The entire novel deals with the psychological principles set forth by Freud, Adler, and Jung; it could be considered a case study that verifies the very things that these psychologists believed.

The top 6 recruitment marketing tactics guaranteed to attract top talent

The top 6 recruitment marketing tactics guaranteed to attract top talent Recruitment marketing is a broad-based strategy that combines employer branding and time-tested marketing strategies with social media and technology to attract top talent to organizations. Often this type of marketing falls under the umbrella of the talent acquisition team- not simply to advertise a single job, but to also think bigger and attract talented candidates by increasing awareness of available jobs and improving how candidates view a company and its brand. Successful recruitment marketing can lead to better quality candidates and, in turn, better success for an organization overall.Chances are your organization already engages in some aspects of recruitment marketing, like posting on career sites or via social recruiting. Your company’s website likely even communicates its brand to prospective candidates for hire and clients. But recruitment marketing, as a forward-looking strategy, attempts to lay the groundwork for future hires by attracting talented candidates to the company before a particular job opens up. According to a survey conducted by Pandologic, â€Å"The State of Recruitment Marketing 2018,† top recruitment marketing performers take it one step further in two key areas: candidate engagement and use of a technology platform for recruitment marketing.So how can you turn your recruitment marketing from good to great?Cultivate a talent networkFirst and foremost, cultivate a talent network: a pool of talented candidates that may not actively be seeking jobs but will be potential leads for the next job you need to fill. Doing so will benefit your company and talent acquisition team by reducing time to hire.Hire internally whenever possibleLook at home whenever possible to cultivate talent from within. Nurturing talent within an organization has a dual benefit. Not only do you hire a known quantity and tested talent, but the practice also benefits the employer brand. A company that offers mobility within the organization and has a good retention rate of employees who fulfill their careers sends a good message to future job candidates and can be integral to both the brand and the workplace environment.hbspt.cta.load(2785852, '9e52c197-5b5b-45e6-af34-d56403f973c5', {});Engage candidates at each step of the hiring processThe key to better candidate engagement is personalization. That can entail tactics like â€Å"email lead nurturing,† which involves marketing the company to potential job candidates through targeted emails, or it can involve â€Å"career site personalization,† which targets specific groups of talent by understanding where and how a certain segment of job seekers actually search for jobs.More sophisticated than blanket posting on job sites, personalization requires a better understanding of specific groups of talent. For example, where and how do engineers look for jobs vs. where and how do truckers look for jobs? The answers for every group will be slightly different, and engaging a particular group will require some marketing analytics and even artificial intelligence. There are even sophisticated forms of technology like chatbots that can help engage candidates by answering questions or scheduling interviews as they advance through the hiring process.Use social media strategicallySocial recruiting is vital to recruitment marketing, as most candidates engage daily with social media. This is especially true as Millennials enter the workforce and become a prime demographic of jobseekers. Social media profiles and blogs can help you find the right talent for specific jobs, and can also provide an excellent source for targeted advertising for the right candidates.Turn to tech to streamline your jobMany aspects listed above require the use of tech and analytics in order to be truly effective. Technology platforms that incorporate a variety of these aspects into one comprehensive strategy can automate processes and create more effective targeted ads and contacts through job board distribution and social recruiting all while developing and responding to marketing analytics. Find the right tech that will most benefit your organization.Pay attention to your dataWhile it’s best to take a comprehensive approach and employ multiple recruitment marketing tactics, it’s also important to test out your weak spots, examine where your recruitment strategies could do better, and continue examining the effectiveness of your recruitment marketing. Looking at the data as a whole with a careful eye will help lead you to more effective hires in the future.

How To Become an Activist and Get Involved

How To Become an Activist and Get Involved Its as much a calling as it is a profession. You see something wrong in the world and you want to change it. There are countless ways to do that, from petitioning lawmakers to protesting on the street to personally helping and advocating for a single victim of injustice. If this sounds like something that appeals to you, heres how to go about establishing a career as a civil liberties activist.   Difficulty: N/A Time Required: Variable Heres How: Figure out what youre most passionate about. Are you interested in civil liberties in general, or is there a specific civil liberties-related issue such as free speech, abortion or gun rights that interest you?Get educated. Read up on your American history  and develop a functional understanding of how the government works.Develop sound arguments to back up your positions. Two highly effective ways to do this include familiarizing yourself with the arguments used by people with whom you agree, as well as with arguments used by people with whom you disagree.Keep up with current events. Scour the Internet and find blogs that focus on your topic. Read newspapers and follow the evening news for issues you might not even have thought about yet, issues that are just beginning to reach a boiling point.Join a group. Activists dont work well alone. Your best bet is to join a group that focuses on your concern. Attend local chapter meetings. If there is no local chapter, consider starting on e. Networking with other activists will educate you, provide you with a support network, and help you focus your energies on productive activism strategies. Tips: Be practical. Dont get so caught up in your hope for radical, sweeping reforms that you lose sight of real opportunities to make incremental progress.Dont hate people you disagree with. If you forget how to communicate with people on the other side of the issue, youll lose your ability to bring others around to your way of thinking.Dont lose hope. You will almost certainly experience depressing setbacks, but activist movements take time. Womens suffrage was advocated in the United States as far back as the 18th century and only became a reality in 1920.Go back to school if you dont already have a degree. This goes hand-in-hand with educating yourself, but it serves another purpose as well. That degree will open doors that might have otherwise remained closed to you. A law degree is a lofty goal, but lawyers are trained in the skills and weapons that are necessary to tackle broad platforms at governmental levels. Even a bachelors degree in pre-law or one of the social sciences can be immensely helpful, and nothing says you cant pursue your cause or causes while youre going to school. Many famous activists have done just that.

To What extent was the Cold War global Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

To What extent was the Cold War global - Essay Example Proxy wars, economic confrontation, spy networks, alliance formation, arms race and technological competition were at their peak during this time. Russia found itself isolated in the world after the revolution of 1917 as most other nations did not concur with the ideological change that had occurred there. The revolutionary leader Vladimir Lenin asserted that Russia was encompassed by a ‘hostile capitalist encirclement’ (Gaddis, 1997). This laid the groundwork for what was to follow, i.e. years of hostility and isolation between differing ideological camps. The arms race that supplemented the cold war resulted in dire consequences for several nations after the dissemination of the USSR. The weapons are still used by terrorist and rebel movements all across the world as both the USA and USSR aim to liquidate their excess artillery in the search of economic returns. Globalization of the War:- The arms race between the Soviet Union and the United States resulted in a stockp ile of nuclear and non nuclear weapons at both ends which cost both parties significant portion of their economy (McNeill and Unger, 2010). Throughout the years of the cold war, both camps continued to pursue alliances with states all across the world. ... Americans and Soviets funded, trained, armed and fought alongside local militaries and forces against others in regional and civil wars that spread across several states including Korea, Vietnam, Afghanistan, Guatemala and Angola. What led to Cold War’s Globalization:- Both camps saw themselves as the embodiments of progress and modernity. The United States had a history of intervention into the affairs of non white people (Westad, 2005). By the eve of World War I, the United States had become a protector and balancer of a capitalist world system, by virtue of its economic might. This meant that it considered intervention its responsibility when it saw the laws of capitalism being ‘violated’. Similarly, the Soviet Union continued to pursue its ideology of expansion of the Russian empire and the modernizing and universalistic claims of Marxism. Soviet leaders sought to spread communism into the third world as a means to successfully confront the United States. (Gud erzo and Bagnato, 2010). Both sides saw themselves as the torchbearers of a global progression and ideological revolution. This is one of the reasons why the intensity of conflict between the two countries was so high (Westad, 2005). Decolonization of the world also provided both sides room for manipulation with newly independent states. These new states saw the cold war as an opportunity to gauge money for their own country to pursue development plans. They also saw economic and ideological models which they could follow (Guderzo and Bagnato, 2010). Both countries tried extensively to align countries towards their respective ideologies however, by remaining non aligned

The Phases of Negotiation and the Strategies Used in the Dairy Co Essay

The Phases of Negotiation and the Strategies Used in the Dairy Co - Essay Example The first issue that we had to deal with was reaching a basis for increase in wages during the life of the agreement. The objective of this issue before the negotiation was â€Å"Productivity benefit to be shared 60%-40% between the company and the workers†. The outcome after the negotiation was â€Å"Productivity benefit to be shared 70%-30% between company and workers†. The second issue was to reach common grounds over workplace agreements such as the process by which employees will be identified for and be nominated for training. The objective of the team before the negotiation was â€Å"Get the management to agree to pay training fees for employees. Vacancies should be first given to employees who are trained.† As for the outcome, the negotiation objective was achieved. The third issue that was raised was an agreement over hours’ roster, including implications for shifts and for over time. For this issue the objective before negation was : â€Å"emplo yee will be paid across 1 week. Average weekly working hour would be 38 hours. There will be 6 working day per week (Mon-Sat). Working hour for over 2 hours in one working day, the payment will be 1.5 times.† However the objective was not achieved during negotiations and the outcome was: â€Å"Employee will be paid across two weeks. Average weekly working hour would be 38 hrs. There will be 6 working days per week (Mon-Sat). ... The fifth and the final issue was regarding the establishment of a joint work place committee-most of the practical arrangements (size, facilities etc) have been agreed and only two issues remain - whether the committee should be a negotiating body or a consultative one; and whether any company information can be kept confidential from the committee.Objective before negotiation was : â€Å"Employee can know have little access to financial information to make sure company have ability to pay their money. Employees can delegate small number of employees to join company's meeting. However, employees have to sign the contract with Dairy Co. to keep the information confidential.† The objective was achieved as both sides reached an agreement over it. There are various strategies that people can employ to negotiate. It is very important to make sure that the right strategy is chosen so that the results that follow are effective. The deal is to ensure that both manger and the employee s can benefit from the strategy. (Jordon & Roloff ; 1997) Managers at Dairy Co want to sustain long term relationship with employees. This helped a lot during our preparation and our way through most of the phases of this negotiation. The management tried to be co-operative and hence an integrative strategy was opted for. Integrative bargaining is based on the premise that the table is open for both parties to co-operate and interact with each other to find a viable solution which upholds the interest of both parties. (Fells, 1998) The goal is essentially to maximize benefits for both sides or as they call it a, lead the negotiations to a â€Å"win-win† situation. The first phase that we identified was the â€Å"begin phase†. In this phase a lot of meetings were

The Home Depot in Chinese Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Home Depot in Chinese Market - Essay Example With this, home improvement comes up and there are numerous stores and companies that supply products and advice on how to make one’s home better by installing additional hardware and items to it. This is widely appreciated throughout the world, but in some cases it is only done by contractors based on the economic status of the people involved. One such company that provides these supplies Home Depot which operates across North America. However, attempts to venture into Asia failed miserably when the company attempted to establish itself in China by providing supplies for home improvement through do it yourself antics. Different reasons have cited for this failure, but there is no full consensus on the key causes of the failure of such a large company that was unable to replicate the success of its north American operations in China. This makes it necessary to look into the causes of this failure and how they served to drive the company out of China. Background The history of Home Depot spans over three decades since its inception in the year 1976 in Atlanta Georgia, where the initial Home Depot store was inaugurated in the same year. The main concept of opening the store was to provide comprehensive supplies to all clients who sought after home improvement equipment and provisions in the name of â€Å"do it yourself†. This made the company into a di it yourself supply chain across the state of Georgia after the establishment of additional stores. Besides this, there was also the provision of giving advice on home improvement to their clients and other customers purchasing supplies from their stores. With this home improvement target market focussing on do it yourself population types, it supplied partial and full components and products such as building, plumbing and electrical supplies. This is in addition to having a large selection of hand and power tools catering to both customers who preferred the traditional feel of hand tools over electri city powered tools (Miller 2). These also included an assortment of brands for maximum variety that even went beyond convention in regard to stocking gardening tools, where home improvement did not just imply the house or its aspects but the home in totality. The expansion of the store over the years has featured its listing in the New York Stock Exchange and even opening stores to hit a 100 in the year 1989 across all of the United States. Further expansion has gone to an extent of having over 2200 stores across the North American continent ranging from USA, Canada, Puerto Rico, Guam, Mexico and the US Virgin Island, and with these, expansion still continues (â€Å"Home Improvement Industry Profile†). With the success of the company across the continent, there were talks of further expansion into the world most populous nation, China. Reasons for the expansion into China was due to the large population that China has and the saturated retail market across the US, which saw t he company seek to expand into China. Another factor in consideration was the high amount of competition in China, where economic indicators were supportive of Home Depots expansion into China due to rapid growth of the Chinese economy especially following reforms after Mao’s reign as the Chinese communist leader. As such, the housing market had a lot of potential at the time of the feasibility for Home Depot to expand into China in that most of the houses in China were hardly complete or rather finished in that they needed further addition of features so that clients or home owners are charged with

The History Of Special Effects Film Studies Essay

The History Of Special Effects Film Studies Essay Movie Special Effects as such had very humble beginnings. Special effects are the various tricks used in the movies,television and theatre or entertaintment industries to create imaginary events in a story by technicians and cinematographer, while interfering with their equipment, which unexpectedly came up with some new effectsry events. The two types of special effects are optical effects and mechanical effects. Photographic effect are the techniques where images or film frames are developed photographically, either using multiple exposure in camera , mattes, or the Schufftan process, or during post-production processes using an optical printer, it is also known as optical effect. We create different and unrealictic background and place actors against them. Effects created or done during live action or shooting of a film are called Mechanical effects or practical or physical effects action shooting, we use of mechanized props, scenery, scale models, pyrotechnics and Atmospheric Effects: creating physical wind, rain, fog, snow, clouds etc. Visual effects  (commonly shortened to  Visual F/X  or  VFX) are the various processes by which imagery is created or manipulated outside the context of a live-action shoot. The integration and combination of live-action footage and generated imagery to create realistic environments is known as visual effects which would be rather dangerous, costly, or simply impossible to capture on film. Computer- Generated Imagery (CGI) is used for visual effects. History: Invention of Effects: In 1856, by combining different sections of 32 negatives into a single image the first and foremost trick photograph was created by Oscar Rejlader. And in the year 1895 Alfred Clark created the first-ever motion picture special effect. In 1896, French magician Georges Melies discovered a trick called stop trick(a type of photographic trickery, possible only in a motion picture) which caused a truck to turn into a hearse; pedestrians were shown changing direction and men turned into women Meliess was filming a street scene in Paris when his camera jammed. After screening the film, he accidentally discovered the stop trick. More effects like multiple exposures, time-lapse photography dissolves and hand painted colour were also developed by Melies in between 1914. Norman Dawn discovered some of the main innovations in the field of special effects on the matte shot from 1910 to 1920. Pieces of cardboard were placed to block the exposure of the film, which would be exposed later to produce original matte shot. He combined this technique with the glass shot. Dawn simply painted certain areas black to obstruct any light from exposing the film rather than using cardboard to block certain segments of the film exposure. During the 1920s and 30s, the motion picture refined and improved and innovated the special effects techniques. Many techniques such as the Schufftan process- were modifications of illusions from the theatre (such as peppers ghost) and still photography (such as double exposure and matte compositing). The refinement or a little imporvement of , substituting moving pictures to make moving backgrounds by using painted backgrounds in the theatre, was known as rear projection. Life casting of faces was imported from traditional mask making. There was advancement in the fields of makeup; different types of masks could be created which fit the actor perfectly. New tricks and techniques were developed, such as the stop trick, which was original to motion pictures. Animation can create the illusion of motion, with drawings and with three-dimensional models, like Gertie the Dinosaur, the Last World, King Kong etc. Miniatures are simulating the spectacle in motion. Battle scenes could be created or depicted with models in studio itself. Without risking anyones life or anything else tanks and airplanes could be flown and crashed. Quite impressively, miniatures models and matte paintings could be used to depict imaginary worlds that never existed or will. This is the most impressive thing about special effects that we can create anything by its help. Fritz Langs film Metropolis was the earliest special effects spectacular film in which miniatures was used in an innovative manner, and other effects like matte paintings, complex compositing and the Schufftan process were used. Optical printer is an important innovation in special-effects photography. We use an optical printer as a projector to create copies of films for distribution which aims into a camera lens. In order to create refinements in the effects technique the development of colour photography played an important role, with the help of colour photography , techniques travelling like matte techniques such as blue or green screen and the sodium vapour process were developed. Some of the examples like matte paintings, animation, miniature, etc. were used in the film Forbidden Planet to create an alien environment. In The Ten Commandments, John P. Fulton, A.S.C., generated more people in the crowds of extras in the Exodus scenes with careful compositing, the massive construction of the Rameses was depicted using models, and the Red Sea was shown spilt in a still-impressive combination of travelling mattes and water tanks. Many new special effects were developed during 1950 and 1960, it dramatically increased the level of realism and realistic environment in science fiction films which was quite an achievemant. Films could be establishing a new high-bench mark for special effects, it would be 1968s 2001: A Space Odyssey, directed by Stanley Kubrick, who assembled his own effects team. In this film, small miniatures spaceship were created, they were highly detailed and carefully photographed for a realistic view. For the shots of spaceships hand drawn rotoscopes and careful motion-control work were carefully combined to ensure that the elements in the film were precisely set in the camera which was a surprising throwback to the silent era, but it created mind blowing and spectacular results. In the film Dawn of Man backgrounds of the African vistas sequence were combined with soundstage photography via the then new front projection technique. In order to create zero-gravity environments scenes, sets wer e staged or made with hidden wires, mirror shots, and large-scale rotating sets. To create hallucinogenic scenery and scenes a new technique termed slit-scan was used, which was created by Douglas Trumbull. During the industrys recession in the late 1960s and early 1970s, many studios closed down and so did their in-house effects houses. Many technicians became freelancers or founded their own effects companies, which specialized on many techniques like optical , animation, etc There was two science fiction and fantasy films which were blockbuster success in 1977. George Lucass Star Wars bought in an era of fantasy and sc-fi films with expensive and impressive special effects. Effects supervisor John Dykstra, A.S.C. and crew members created many improvements and innovations in the prevailing effects technology. A computer-controlled camera rig called the Dykstraflex which allowed detailed repetition of camera motion; it greatly facilitated travelling-matte compositing and creation. Film images were degraded during composition which was greatly minimized by other innovations. The widescreen images or scenes were photographed horizontally using far more films per frame along stock; by Dykstraflex using Vista Vision cameras, and for the composition process thinner-emulsion film stocks were used. The effects crew which was assembled by Lucas and Dykstra had dubbed Industrial Light and Magic and since 1977 has lead to the creation of many innovations in the fiel ds of effects. In the same year, veteran Douglas Trumbull created most impressive special effects in Steven Spielbergs film Close Encounter of the Third Kind. Trumbull developed his own motion-control system techniques for creating intentional Len Flare( its the shapes created by light reflecting in camera lenses) which provided the films with indefinable and true like shapes and images of flying saucers or alien spaceships. Special effects success created new technique like CGI (Computer Generated Imagery) came up. Computer generated effects or CGI are more controllable than other more physically based processes, shots and hiring extras for CGI is mostly used for construction of miniatures for effects shots and for hiring extras for crowd scenes visual effects. With the help of CGI we can create images that cannot be feasible or possible without other technology. This techniques was first used in movies like 1973s Westworld, it was a science-fiction film were robots live and work among humans in the same society, in its sequel 3D Wireframe imagery was first used .